{"id":74,"date":"2025-01-09T15:55:09","date_gmt":"2025-01-09T15:55:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/?p=74"},"modified":"2025-04-02T19:46:02","modified_gmt":"2025-04-02T19:46:02","slug":"cum-sa-faci-fact-checking-politic-in-romania-fara-sa-fii-jurnalist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/cum-sa-faci-fact-checking-politic-in-romania-fara-sa-fii-jurnalist\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum s\u0103 faci fact-checking politic \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 fii jurnalist"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Acest articol a fost publicat ini\u021bial pe <a href=\"https:\/\/sfrancu.medium.com\/cum-s%C4%83-faci-fact-checking-politic-%C3%AEn-rom%C3%A2nia-f%C4%83r%C4%83-s%C4%83-fii-jurnalist-b24911255caf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sfrancu.medium.com\/cum-s%C4%83-faci-fact-checking-politic-%C3%AEn-rom%C3%A2nia-f%C4%83r%C4%83-s%C4%83-fii-jurnalist-b24911255caf\">Medium<\/a> \u00een 2022. El a fost actualizat \u00een ianuarie 2025.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/0*QIR4yOV6WlJFw-YW\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\"><em>Photo by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@johnmcclane?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Andres Siimon<\/a>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Unsplash<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-text-subtitle has-xx-large-font-size\"><strong>Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 fact-checking?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Fact-checking-ul<\/em>&nbsp;este procesul prin care verifici o informa\u021bie factual\u0103.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fact-checking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a>&nbsp;\u00eel define\u0219te ca pe o form\u0103 de jurnalism. Eu \u00eel v\u0103d ca pe o munc\u0103 de detectiv, deoarece un&nbsp;<em>fact-checker<\/em>&nbsp;porne\u0219te de la o informa\u021bie ini\u021bial\u0103 (o \u0219tire, de exemplu), iar apoi \u00eencepe s\u0103 caute indicii (dovezi) care s\u0103 confirme sau s\u0103 infirme valoarea&nbsp;<em>aparent\u0103<\/em>&nbsp;de adev\u0103r a acelei \u0219tiri. Spun&nbsp;<em>aparent\u0103<\/em>, deoarece \u00een ziua de azi suntem tot mai des bombarda\u021bi de&nbsp;<em>fake news<\/em>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tiri_false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0219tirile false<\/a>. Nu degeaba num\u0103rul site-urilor de&nbsp;<em>fact-checking<\/em>&nbsp;din lume cre\u0219te \u00een fiecare an, conform Duke Reporters\u2019 Lab:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00een&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/reporterslab.org\/number-of-fact-checking-outlets-surges-to-188-in-more-than-60-countries\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2019<\/a>&nbsp;erau 188 de site-uri (active) de&nbsp;<em>fact-checking<\/em>&nbsp;\u00een lume;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00een&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/reporterslab.org\/annual-census-finds-nearly-300-fact-checking-projects-around-the-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2020<\/a>&nbsp;erau 290;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00een&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/reporterslab.org\/fact-checking-census-shows-slower-growth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2021<\/a>&nbsp;erau 341;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/reporterslab.org\/misinformation-spreads-but-fact-checking-has-leveled-off\/\">2022<\/a>&nbsp;erau 424;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/reporterslab.org\/misinformation-spreads-but-fact-checking-has-leveled-off\/\">2023<\/a> erau 417;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/reporterslab.org\/with-half-the-planet-going-to-the-polls-in-2024-fact-checking-sputters\/\">2024<\/a> erau 439.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"941\" src=\"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Fact-Checking-Duke-Reporters-Lab-01-09-2025_12_49_PM-1024x941.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-76\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Fact-Checking-Duke-Reporters-Lab-01-09-2025_12_49_PM-1024x941.png 1024w, https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Fact-Checking-Duke-Reporters-Lab-01-09-2025_12_49_PM-300x276.png 300w, https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Fact-Checking-Duke-Reporters-Lab-01-09-2025_12_49_PM-768x706.png 768w, https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Fact-Checking-Duke-Reporters-Lab-01-09-2025_12_49_PM.png 1509w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>Site-uri de fact-checking din Europa, \u00een ianuarie 2025, conform Duke Reporters\u2019 Lab (captur\u0103 de ecran de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/reporterslab.org\/fact-checking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">aici<\/a>)<\/em>. <em>\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia sunt 3 site-uri de fact-checking (\u00een ordinea cronologic\u0103 a apari\u021biei pe harta Duke Reporters&#8217; Lab): Factual, Dignitas, AFP Verificat (Romania).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-text-subtitle has-xx-large-font-size\">Ce este fact-checking-ul politic?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"9400\">Este o form\u0103 de&nbsp;<em>fact-checking<\/em>&nbsp;care&nbsp;<strong>vizeaz\u0103 doar afirma\u021biile (sau promisiunile) f\u0103cute de politicieni \u0219i func\u021bionari publici<\/strong>. \u00centr-o&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt1058017\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">lume ideal\u0103<\/a>, cei care sunt ale\u0219i prin vot s\u0103 conduc\u0103 \u021bara, regiunea, ora\u0219ul \u00een care locuie\u0219ti, nu ar trebui s\u0103 mint\u0103 niciodat\u0103, nici \u00een scopuri electorale, nici pe parcursul mandatului c\u00e2\u0219tigat, nici m\u0103car din gre\u0219eal\u0103 (dac\u0103 prezint\u0103 cet\u0103\u021benilor un raport scris gre\u0219it, \u00een care s-au strecurat ni\u0219te cifre eronate). Realitatea e c\u0103 nivelul demagogiei \u00een r\u00e2ndul politicienilor este corelat cu nivelul de corup\u021bie dintr-o \u021bar\u0103. Rom\u00e2nia era \u00een&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/regional_policy\/en\/newsroom\/news\/2020\/01\/27-01-2020-the-corruption-perception-index-2019-the-eu-is-the-best-performer-in-the-world\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2019<\/a>&nbsp;a doua cea mai corupt\u0103 \u021bar\u0103 din UE (cu un scor de 44 din 100), iar \u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/en\/countries\/romania\">2023<\/a> era \u0219i mai corupt\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00een 2019 (cu un scor de 46 din 100), conform <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/en\/\">Transparency International<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"87e0\">Ca s\u0103 schimbi calitatea vie\u021bii politice dintr-o \u021bar\u0103, ai nevoie nu doar de politicieni mai buni, dar \u0219i de cet\u0103\u021beni mai bine informa\u021bi, mai vigilen\u021bi \u00een fa\u021ba tentativelor unor politicieni incompeten\u021bi de a c\u00e2\u0219tiga \u00eenc\u0103 un mandat public, de\u0219i nu \u0219i-au \u00eendeplinit bine atribu\u021biile nici m\u0103car \u00een primul mandat. Cererea influen\u021beaz\u0103 oferta. Dac\u0103 cet\u0103\u021benii \u021bin minte politicienii mincino\u0219i \u0219i nu-i mai voteaz\u0103 la urm\u0103toarele alegeri electorale, atunci \u0219i oferta politic\u0103 se va schimba, \u00eencuraj\u00e2nd apari\u021bia unor politicieni mai competen\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"3ab2\">Dar pentru asta este nevoie de&nbsp;<strong>spirit civic<\/strong>. De oameni care s\u0103 discearn\u0103 \u00eentre adev\u0103r \u0219i minciun\u0103 c\u00e2nd vine vorba de afirma\u021biile politicienilor. \u0218i mai este nevoie de&nbsp;<strong>analizarea unui volum mare de afirma\u021bii politice<\/strong>&nbsp;(verificate din punctul de vedere al valorii de adev\u0103r). De la afirma\u021biile pre\u0219edintelui \u021b\u0103rii, la mini\u0219tri, parlamentari, primari, consilieri, prefec\u021bi, directori de spitale, \u0219efi de sindicat de transport \u00een comun etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/0*fH4YybFwLvHfzF0i\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>Photo by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@jannerboy62?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nick Fewings<\/a>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Unsplash<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-text-subtitle has-xx-large-font-size\">Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 fact-checking colaborativ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"f504\">\u00cen mod tradi\u021bional,&nbsp;<em>fact-checking-ul<\/em>&nbsp;este realizat de o echip\u0103 mic\u0103 de jurnali\u0219ti (sau speciali\u0219ti pe diverse domenii \u2014 economie, politic\u0103, finan\u021be etc), de obicei ca proiect paralel al unui ziar de mare tiraj sau al unei agen\u021bii de pres\u0103. C\u00e2teva exemple:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/fact-checker\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Washington Post Fact Checker<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/fact-check\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reuters Fact Check<\/a>. Dezavantajul aici este c\u0103 o echip\u0103 foarte mic\u0103 (1\u20132 jurnali\u0219ti) va avea putere de analiz\u0103 la fel de mic\u0103, ceea ce se traduce printr-un volum mic de afirma\u021bii analizate \u0219i\/sau limitarea la afirma\u021bii de interes general (na\u021bional), \u00een detrimentul colect\u0103rii afirma\u021biilor de tip local (care s\u0103 reflecte problemele politice specifice fiec\u0103rui ora\u0219).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"a969\">\u00cen ultimii ani, \u00een lume au luat amploare site-urile de&nbsp;<em>fact-checking<\/em> administrate de diverse ONG-uri, care vin s\u0103 suplineasc\u0103 tocmai aceast\u0103 nevoie de a analiza c\u00e2t mai multe afirma\u021bii politice. Dar \u0219i aici echipele sunt relativ mici (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.snopes.com\/team\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">snopes.com<\/a>&nbsp;ar fi deja o excep\u021bie, cu cei 19 contribuitori pe care \u00eei are momentan) \u0219i nu primesc (mereu) contribuitori noi, care s\u0103 aibe libertatea de a colecta afirma\u021bii politice \u00een func\u021bie de domeniul (sau ora\u0219ul) de interes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"08e4\"><strong><em>Fact-checking-ul&nbsp;colaborativ<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;vine cu urm\u0103toarele idei noi, care extind modelul tradi\u021bional:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>orice cet\u0103\u021bean<\/strong>&nbsp;care este la curent cu evenimentele din via\u021ba politic\u0103 a \u021b\u0103rii\/ora\u0219ului s\u0103u&nbsp;<strong>poate culege afirma\u021bii politice<\/strong>, pe care le public\u0103 pe platforma de&nbsp;<em>fact-checking<\/em>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>orice cet\u0103\u021bean<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>poate s\u0103 adauge r\u0103spunsuri la o afirma\u021bie politic\u0103<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0219i&nbsp;<strong>s\u0103 le acorde o valoare de adev\u0103r<\/strong>&nbsp;(adev\u0103rat\u0103, fals\u0103, sau ceva intermediar), c\u00e2t\u0103 vreme g\u0103se\u0219te pe internet dovezi scrise cu care poate demonstra verdictul ales pentru acea afirma\u021bie;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>orice cet\u0103\u021bean poate vota<\/strong>&nbsp;(pozitiv sau negativ)&nbsp;<strong>afirma\u021biile politice<\/strong>&nbsp;str\u00e2nse pe platforma de&nbsp;<em>fact-checking<\/em>, \u00een func\u021bie de relevan\u021ba lor \u0219i de c\u00e2t de bine (sau prost) sunt formulate acele afirma\u021bii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"08e4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Dignitas.ro<\/strong><\/a><strong>&nbsp;este o platform\u0103 de&nbsp;<em>fact-checking colaborativ<\/em><\/strong>, lansat\u0103 oficial \u00een ianuarie 2020. Aproape dou\u0103 treimi din afirma\u021biile culese pe platform\u0103 sunt analizate deja (\u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care niciun colaborator de p\u00e2n\u0103 acum nu s-a dedicat <em>full-time<\/em> acestui proiect, ci to\u021bi au lucrat ori sporadic, ori \u00een timpul lor liber).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"1ccf\">Pentru afirma\u021biile greu de verificat, o platform\u0103 de&nbsp;<em>fact-checking colaborativ (<\/em>cum e Dignitas)<em>&nbsp;<\/em>prevede urm\u0103torul mecanism:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>cititorii pot vota afirma\u021biile de interes<\/strong>&nbsp;pentru ei, iar contribuitorii se vor concentra pe cele mai votate afirma\u021bii (ca s\u0103 le demonstreze pe acestea mai \u00eent\u00e2i);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>diferi\u021bi contribuitori pot ad\u0103uga diferite r\u0103spunsuri<\/strong>&nbsp;pentru verificarea unei afirma\u021bii, iar un moderator va selecta r\u0103spunsul cel mai potrivit, care s\u0103 dea verdictul acelei afirma\u021bii politice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-text-subtitle has-xx-large-font-size\"><strong>Din experien\u021ba unui fact-checker<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"5bb3\">Sunt contribuitor la dignitas.ro de aproape 5 ani, timp \u00een care am ad\u0103ugat 379 de afirma\u021bii politice \u0219i am demonstrat aproape jum\u0103tate dintre ele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"8752\">Am observat c\u0103,&nbsp;de multe ori, <em><strong>partea cea mai grea <\/strong><\/em>din procesul de ad\u0103ugare a unei afirma\u021bii politice noi este<em><strong> s\u0103 redactez Contextul afirma\u021biei<\/strong><\/em>. La acest pas, sim\u021bi cel mai bine \u00eenrudirea&nbsp;<em>fact-checking-ului<\/em>&nbsp;cu jurnalismul, un domeniu \u00een care trebuie s\u0103 redai o \u0219tire \u00eentr-un mod c\u00e2t mai obiectiv (f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenclini balan\u021ba spre un partid politic\/politician anume) \u0219i c\u00e2t mai succint (avem deja de citit zilnic alte lucruri, \u00een format digital).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"8752\">Dar <em>obiectiv<\/em> \u0219i <em>succint<\/em> nu sunt de ajuns uneori. Citesc s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nal \u0219tiri din Rom\u00e2nia, scrise de anumite ziare rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti (nu dau nume) &#8211; \u0219tiri scrise \u0219i <em>obiectiv<\/em> \u0219i <em>succint<\/em> (mai mult succint dec\u00e2t obiectiv), dar din care nu \u00een\u021beleg nimic. Adic\u0103 aflu c\u0103 <em>ceva<\/em> s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat (\u00eentr-o zi anume, \u00eentr-un domeniu anume), dar nu \u00een\u021beleg cum s-a ajuns la acel <em>ceva<\/em> (fiindc\u0103 \u0219tirea nu explic\u0103 nimic din trecut) \u0219i nici care va fi impactul acelui <em>ceva<\/em> asupra mea sau asupra celorlal\u021bi rom\u00e2ni, \u00een general (iar\u0103\u0219i, fiindc\u0103 \u0219tirea nu explic\u0103 nimic din viitor).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"8752\">Sunt designer web de profesie, nu jurnalist, a\u0219a c\u0103 \u00een astfel de cazuri, m-am ghidat dup\u0103 un principiu \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat de la o profesoar\u0103 de fizic\u0103: \u201c<em>c\u00e2nd te scot la lec\u021bie, trebuie s\u0103-mi explici lec\u021bia ca \u0219i c\u00e2nd nu a\u0219 \u0219ti nimic<\/em>\u201d. Prin urmare, \u00eencerc s\u0103 scriu Contextul afirma\u021biilor ad\u0103ugate de mine (cel pu\u021bin la afirma\u021biile grele, sau la cele din domenii noi) pornind de la premisa c\u0103 cititorii s-ar putea s\u0103&nbsp;<em>nu<\/em>&nbsp;fie la curent cu via\u021ba politic\u0103\/economic\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"80fd\"><strong><em>O alt\u0103 provocare este s\u0103 redactezi sec\u021biunea &#8220;De verificat&#8221; <\/em><\/strong>pentru o afirma\u021bie. Aici am folosit&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nngroup.com\/articles\/recruiting-screening-research-candidates\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">un principiu<\/a>&nbsp;de&nbsp;<em>User Experience Research<\/em>, care spune c\u0103 \u201c<em>modul \u00een care selectezi participan\u021bii pentru un studiu cu utilizatorii va dicta calitatea acelui studiu<\/em>\u201d. Dac\u0103 scrii gre\u0219it ce anume ai de verificat la o afirma\u021bie, atunci vei c\u0103uta argumentele gre\u0219ite pentru demonstrarea afirma\u021biei, \u0219i practic ri\u0219ti s\u0103 ajungi la o valoare nereal\u0103 de adev\u0103r pentru acea afirma\u021bie, sau ri\u0219ti s\u0103 cau\u021bi&nbsp;<em>acul \u00een carul cu f\u00e2n<\/em>&nbsp;pe web (caz \u00een care afirma\u021bia va deveni neverificabil\u0103 sau imposibil de demonstrat).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*5Xco0JEtsCikplQtuw9F7Q.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>G\u0103si\u021bi iepurele ascuns printre aceste pisici \u2014 imagine de la&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/thedudolf.blogspot.com\/2021\/06\/can-you-find-bunny-among-cats-2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gergely Dud\u00e1s<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen primii doi ani ca contribuitor la Dignitas, m-am concentrat pe ad\u0103ugarea de afirma\u021bii u\u0219or verificabile (cum este&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/afirmatie\/92\/avem-nevoie-de-reforma-in-materie-de-pensii\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">aceasta<\/a>), care puteau fi demonstrate direct cu documente oficiale publicate (periodic) de c\u0103tre anumite institu\u021bii ale statului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ulterior, am \u00eenceput s\u0103 abordez \u0219i afirma\u021bii mai greu de verificat, care necesitau documente\/ rapoarte\/ grafice publicate (periodic) de institu\u021bii din afara Rom\u00e2niei. De exemplu, Eurostat este o surs\u0103 excelent\u0103 de date oficiale, colectate la nivel de UE (deci include \u0219i Rom\u00e2nia), care poate servi ca baz\u0103 de demonstra\u021bie \u00een multe domenii (economic, s\u0103n\u0103tate, transporturi etc), \u00een cazul afirma\u021biilor care compar\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia cu Uniunea European\u0103 (sau cu o anumit\u0103 \u021bar\u0103 din UE). Eurostat este util \u0219i pentru demonstra\u021biile de tip <em>then and now<\/em> (atunci \u0219i acum), adic\u0103 o compara\u021bie (pentru aceea\u0219i \u021bar\u0103) \u00eentre date din trecut versus date din prezent (\u00een limita setului de \u021b\u0103ri membre UE).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-small-font-size is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-vivid-green-cyan-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f53d44c8c18ddc44ba673a5fdcb2e2af\"><em><strong>\u00cen general, dac\u0103 o afirma\u021bie poate fi demonstrat\u0103 cu numere \u0219i\/sau sort\u0103ri de numere, \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 afirma\u021bia respectiv\u0103 poate fi abordat\u0103 de c\u0103tre un contribuitor (chiar \u0219i unul \u00eencep\u0103tor), f\u0103r\u0103 ca acel contribuitor s\u0103 fie neap\u0103rat un expert \u00een domeniul de care apar\u021bine afirma\u021bia.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De exemplu, nu este nevoie s\u0103 fii expert \u00een educa\u021bie ca s\u0103 verifici <a href=\"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/afirmatie\/437\/acesta-este-adevarul-despre-testele-pisa-din-2022\">aceast\u0103 afirma\u021bie<\/a> despre rezultatele Rom\u00e2niei la test\u0103rile PISA din 2022, deoarece demonstrarea afirma\u021biei presupune s\u0103 compari date existente deja \u00een rapoartele PISA din anumi\u021bi ani. Pe scurt: am citit tabele, am copiat tabele, am decupat \u0219i sortat tabelele copiate, am notat locul Rom\u00e2niei \u00een tabelele noi, iar singurul lucru pe care l-am calculat efectiv a fost &#8220;pozi\u021bia Rom\u00e2niei \u00een clasamentul pe \u021b\u0103ri&#8221; (procent calculat cu regula de 3 simpl\u0103). <em>90% munc\u0103 sisific\u0103, 10% inspira\u021bie.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 uneori ca o demonstra\u021bie anume (adic\u0103 un r\u0103spuns anume, publicat pentru o afirma\u021bie anume) s\u0103 nu fie conving\u0103toare, caz \u00een care trebuie s\u0103 refaci r\u0103spunsul sau s\u0103 publici un alt r\u0103spuns, scris de la zero. Mi s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu <a href=\"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/afirmatie\/372\/suntem-pe-primul-loc-in-europa-la-taxarea-muncii\">aceast\u0103 afirma\u021bie<\/a>, de exemplu, pentru care am publicate dou\u0103 r\u0103spunsuri \u0219i doar unul a fost acceptat ca demonstra\u021bie valid\u0103. Din fericire, astfel de blocaje sunt rezolvate automat, deoarece autorul unui r\u0103spuns este o persoan\u0103 diferit\u0103 de moderatorul care accept\u0103 un r\u0103spuns ca demonstra\u021bie valid\u0103 (din seria &#8220;dou\u0103 perechi de ochi sunt mai bune dec\u00e2t una singur\u0103&#8221;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-text-subtitle has-xx-large-font-size\"><strong>Cum po\u021bi contribui pe Dignitas.ro<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Cu minimum de efort:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/0*J3I7NQEhWS1YTWzB\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>Photo by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@tateisimikito?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jukan Tateisi<\/a>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Unsplash<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>votezi afirma\u021biile<\/strong>&nbsp;politice de interes pentru tine; e de ajuns s\u0103 cite\u0219ti afirma\u021bia, contextul \u0219i sec\u021biunea &#8220;De verificat&#8221;, \u0219i s\u0103 dai click pe iconi\u021ba \u201cthumbs up\u201d;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>actualizezi profilul unui politician<\/strong>, c\u00e2nd acesta \u00ee\u0219i schimb\u0103 func\u021bia asumat\u0103 (demisie\/demitere) sau apartenen\u021ba politic\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>adaugi noi politicieni relevan\u021bi pe platform\u0103<\/strong>; profilul unui politician trebuie s\u0103 con\u021bin\u0103 cel pu\u021bin numele, o poz\u0103 de profil recent\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bia public\u0103 pe care o ocup\u0103 (sau a ocupat-o la un moment dat);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>verifici dac\u0103 s-au schimbat membrii guvernului \u0219i propui actualiz\u0103ri pe care un moderator le poate accepta<\/strong>; fiindc\u0103 mini\u0219trii au putere executiv\u0103 semnificativ\u0103, relevan\u021ba afirma\u021biilor pe care le fac va fi de asemenea mare, iar \u00een Rom\u00e2nia (din p\u0103cate) sunt schimba\u021bi foarte des; aici e suficient s\u0103 compari&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/cautare\/ministru\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pagina mini\u0219trilor<\/a>&nbsp;de pe Dignitas cu&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/gov.ro\/ro\/guvernul\/cabinetul-de-ministri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pagina cabinetului de mini\u0219tri<\/a>&nbsp;de pe site-ul Guvernului, \u0219i s\u0103 observi ce mini\u0219tri de pe Dignitas nu mai sunt \u00een func\u021bie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Cu efort mediu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/0*5g72puFCYZcfE7Uk\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>Photo by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@naletu?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Natalya Letunova<\/a>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Unsplash<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>votezi r\u0103spunsurile<\/strong>&nbsp;ad\u0103ugate la o afirma\u021bie existent\u0103; aici este nevoie s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi&nbsp;<em>corect<\/em>&nbsp;sec\u021biunile &#8220;Context&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;De verificat&#8221; ale unei afirma\u021bii, precum \u0219i argumentele aduse de autorul fiec\u0103rui r\u0103spuns ad\u0103ugat deja;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>adaugi afirma\u021bii noi<\/strong>&nbsp;pe platform\u0103; o afirma\u021bie nou\u0103 are nevoie de autor, dat\u0103 calendaristic\u0103, tip (aser\u021biune\/ promisiune\/ r\u0103zg\u00e2ndire), sumar (textul propriu-zis al afirma\u021biei), context, ce avem de verificat, plus sursa afirma\u021biei. Sumarul afirma\u021biei trebuie s\u0103 corespund\u0103 <strong>c\u00e2t mai mult posibil<\/strong> cu afirma\u021bia original\u0103 a politicianului, iar dac\u0103 a fost u\u0219or editat (pentru a \u00eenc\u0103pea \u00een limita de caractere\/ pentru a fi mai u\u0219or de urm\u0103rit), atunci trebuie men\u021bionat acest lucru, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu motivul edit\u0103rii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Cu efort mai mare:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/0*ziA3Rmw1CVEuocje\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>Photo by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@adibbehrooz?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mohammad Bagher Adib Behrooz<\/a>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/?utm_source=medium&amp;utm_medium=referral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Unsplash<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>adaugi un r\u0103spuns<\/strong>&nbsp;la o afirma\u021bie f\u0103r\u0103 r\u0103spunsuri;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>adaugi un r\u0103spuns nou<\/strong>&nbsp;la o afirma\u021bie care are r\u0103spunsuri, dar c\u0103reia nu i s-a acordat niciun verdict \u00eenc\u0103 (din cauz\u0103 c\u0103 niciun r\u0103spuns anterior nu era satisf\u0103c\u0103tor);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>adaugi sau modifici etichete<\/strong>, care sunt folosite pentru a marca subiecte sau domenii anume; pentru asta, este nevoie s\u0103 acumulezi o reputa\u021bie de minimum&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/ajutor\/privilegii\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1.500 puncte<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"21c6\">Pentru mai multe informa\u021bii despre cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 Dignitas \u0219i sistemul de reputa\u021bie (puncte) pe care \u00eel folose\u0219te, pute\u021bi citi&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/ajutor\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">manualul platformei<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-text-subtitle has-xx-large-font-size\">Concluzie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"10f7\">Pornind de la experien\u021ba cu dexonline.ro, care a str\u00e2ns de-a lungul anilor o colec\u021bie impresionant\u0103 de defini\u021bii \u0219i dic\u021bionare culese (exclusiv) de voluntari, suntem optimi\u0219ti c\u0103 \u0219i aceast\u0103 <em>platform\u0103 colaborativ\u0103<\/em>&nbsp;poate cre\u0219te \u00eentr-un mod similar, organic, prin efortul c\u00e2torva contribuitori pasiona\u021bi de politic\u0103 \u0219i\/sau de starea ora\u0219ului lor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anul 2024 a fost an electoral. Asta nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 ne culc\u0103m pe o ureche p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103toarele alegeri electorale din 2028. Dimpotriv\u0103, este un moment bun s\u0103 \u00eencepem s\u0103 culegem promisiunile electorale f\u0103cute de primarii ale\u0219i \u00een iunie 2024. Am observat din <a href=\"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/eticheta\/114\/realizarile-primarilor-in-2020-2024\">aceast\u0103 campanie<\/a> c\u0103, \u00een general, primarii fac majoritatea promisiunilor \u00een luna de pre-campanie electoral\u0103, \u00een luna de campanie electoral\u0103 \u0219i \u00een primele 6 luni de mandat. Dup\u0103 care ciclul electoral se reia&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avem de lucru o ton\u0103, \u0219i pentru contribuitorii actuali, \u0219i pentru cei interesa\u021bi s\u0103 contribuie de acum \u00eencolo. Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi \u00eentreb\u0103ri legate de func\u021bionarea platformei, ne pute\u021bi scrie aici pe blog, \u00eentr-un comentariu. Mul\u021bumim c\u0103 ne urm\u0103ri\u021bi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"1927\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Acest articol a fost publicat ini\u021bial pe Medium \u00een 2022. El a fost actualizat \u00een ianuarie 2025. Photo by&nbsp;Andres Siimon&nbsp;on&nbsp;Unsplash Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 fact-checking? Fact-checking-ul&nbsp;este procesul prin care verifici o informa\u021bie factual\u0103.&nbsp;Wikipedia&nbsp;\u00eel define\u0219te ca pe o form\u0103 de jurnalism. Eu \u00eel v\u0103d ca pe o munc\u0103 de detectiv, deoarece un&nbsp;fact-checker&nbsp;porne\u0219te de&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-stiri-lunare"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74"}],"version-history":[{"count":61,"href":"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":201,"href":"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74\/revisions\/201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dignitas.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}